最有(you)可能成(cheng)為21世紀(ji)主要的新能源之(zhi)一,什(shen)么(me)是生物質能源?
生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是由(you)植物(wu)(wu)的光合(he)作用(yong)(yong)固定于(yu)(yu)地球上(shang)的太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),最(zui)有(you)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)21世紀主(zhu)要(yao)的新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)之一。據估計,植物(wu)(wu)每(mei)年(nian)貯存的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量約(yue)相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)世界(jie)(jie)(jie)主(zhu)要(yao)燃料(liao)消耗的10 倍;而(er)作為(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的利(li)用(yong)(yong)量還(huan)不到其總量的l%。這(zhe)些未加以(yi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)的生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),為(wei)(wei)完成(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然界(jie)(jie)(jie)的碳循環(huan),其絕大(da)部分由(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然腐解將能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量和(he)碳素(su)釋放(fang),回(hui)到自(zi)(zi)(zi)然界(jie)(jie)(jie)中(zhong)。事實 上(shang),生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)是人類利(li)用(yong)(yong)最(zui)早(zao)、最(zui)多、最(zui)直接的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan),至今(jin),世界(jie)(jie)(jie)上(shang)仍有(you)15億以(yi)上(shang)的人口(kou)以(yi)生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)作為(wei)(wei)生活能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)燃燒(shao)是傳統的利(li)用(yong)(yong)方式(shi),不僅熱效率低 下(xia),而(er)且(qie)勞動強度(du)大(da),污染(ran)嚴重。通過生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換技術可以(yi)高效地利(li)用(yong)(yong)生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan),生產各種清潔燃料(liao),替(ti)代(dai)煤(mei)炭,石油和(he)天然氣等燃料(liao),生產電力(li)。而(er)減少(shao)對礦 物(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的依賴,保(bao)護國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan),減輕能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費給環(huan)境(jing)造(zao)成(cheng)的污染(ran)。專家認為(wei)(wei),生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)將成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)未來持續能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)重要(yao)部分,到2015年(nian),全球總能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗將有(you)40% 來自(zi)(zi)(zi)生物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。