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最有可能成為21世(shi)紀主(zhu)要的新能源之一(yi)，什么是生物質能源？

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)由(you)植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)光合作用(yong)固(gu)定于地球(qiu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)21世(shi)紀主要的(de)(de)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之一(yi)。據估計(ji)，植物(wu)(wu)每年(nian)貯(zhu)存的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)相當(dang)于世(shi)界(jie)(jie)主要燃料消耗的(de)(de)10 倍；而作為(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)利用(yong)量(liang)(liang)還不(bu)到其總(zong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)l%。這些未(wei)加以(yi)利用(yong)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)完(wan)成(cheng)自(zi)(zi)然界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)碳(tan)循環(huan)，其絕大(da)部(bu)分由(you)自(zi)(zi)然腐解將(jiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)和(he)碳(tan)素釋放，回到自(zi)(zi)然界(jie)(jie)中(zhong)。事實 上(shang)(shang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)類利用(yong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早、最(zui)(zui)(zui)多、最(zui)(zui)(zui)直(zhi)接的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，至今，世(shi)界(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)仍有(you)15億(yi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燃燒是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)利用(yong)方式，不(bu)僅(jin)熱效(xiao)率低 下，而且勞動強度(du)大(da)，污染(ran)嚴重。通過生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換技(ji)術(shu)可以(yi)高(gao)效(xiao)地利用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產各種清潔燃料，替代(dai)煤炭，石油和(he)天然氣等燃料，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產電(dian)力。而減少對礦 物(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)依賴(lai)，保護(hu)國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，減輕能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費給環(huan)境造成(cheng)的(de)(de)污染(ran)。專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)將(jiang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)未(wei)來持續能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重要部(bu)分，到2015年(nian)，全球(qiu)總(zong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗將(jiang)有(you)40% 來自(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。